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Poking holes in acupuncture theory
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You know, I get to choose the topics for this column myself. It's fun to write about the people I meet and the humorous things that happen in my office.

I don't know why I don't just stick to the easy topics. Except that I think you may be interested to hear about interesting things such as acupuncture. I have a unique perspective on acupuncture. I have spent several years studying this ancient way of dealing with human ailments after spending so much time learning the western approach to medicine. Acupuncture is borne out of an approach to healing that is very confusing to anyone with a Western medicine viewpoint.

Imagine you are a modern medical researcher assigned to study acupuncture to determine why it works. In your freshly starched, bright-white lab coat you are interviewing an experienced acupuncturist: "OK, now what is your assessment of this patient?"


"They have stagnant chi."


"What do you mean by 'chi'?"


"That is the vital energy that circulates throughout the body."


"And this energy is 'stagnant'?"


"Yes, it has become blocked in one of the meridians."


"I see, and how did you determine this?"


"I felt the pulses, looked at the tongue, listened to and observed the patient."


"And how would you treat this condition?"


"I would insert very fine needles into several specific points of the body. I may also apply heat to certain points. In some cases I would recommend that the patient consume some herbal products."
How in the world are you as a researcher going to make sense of this in some sort of logical way so that you can determine the mechanism of acupuncture? See why this subject perplexes Western medical specialists?

Acupuncture has been around for thousands of years and there are millions of success stories that attest to the effectiveness of this ancient approach to care. There is little doubt that acupuncture can be effective to treat a wide range of human ailments. Even our nation's National Institutes of Health (NIH) published a consensus a decade ago that endorses acupuncture as a viable treatment. That being said though, does the purported theory of acupuncture have merit? Just because a procedure or practice has effectiveness does not necessarily mean that the theory associated with the practice is valid.

That is the question that is confounding Western medical researchers. Acupuncture is definitely effective for many conditions. However the theory that explains acupuncture from a traditional Chinese medicine approach is contradictory to many things that we take for granted as being facts with regard to the function of the human body. If you can use the method in spite of these disturbing contradictions, then acupuncture can be a valuable tool for western medicine.

That is the bug about acupuncture. There is too much evidence of its value in helping many human ailments to ignore it or discredit it. However, the notions that persist in the theory behind how it works from an ancient Asian philosophy sometimes seem too outrageous for a logical western medical researcher to take seriously. Some parts of acupuncture theory are based upon traditional beliefs about the human body that were developed thousand of years ago, when many functions of various organs and tissues were not known. Some of the more controversial aspects of acupuncture theory are based on ancient Asian cultural and philosophical beliefs and do not fit our culture.

Although we westerners place great value on scientific explanations of ideas, in many situations, scientific observation is simply insufficient to explain what seems to be apparent. It will probably be a while before acupuncture is truly understood from our perspective. For people in pain though, it may not matter that it is well understood, as long as it works.


Next week this column will hit close to home for many readers. Until then, don't let you chi become stagnant!



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Member Opinions:
By: dancougar on 1/15/07
Hi Doc! I'm happy that you are not like some bigots who immediately dismiss acupuncture as hogwash just because they can't understand how it works.

However, as both a western MD and a practicing acupuncturist (Chinese style), I must say that the way you presented acupuncture theory is oversimplified. Pathophysiology and treatment in oriental medicine is much more complicated than mere "qi stagnation". A quick look at several TCM websites and books should help us "westerners" understand. I recommend Ted Kaptchuk's "The Web That Has No Weaver".

By: chaddupuis on 1/15/07
I agree with Dan above. I run one of the larger acupuncture information sites in the world - http://www.yinyanghouse.com/ and have an active clinic in chattanooga http://clinic.yinyanghouse.com .

As the broad range of theories present on my website would indicate I have a fascination and respect for the traditions of Chinese Medicine. Clinically, however, I want to do what works well, is medically understandable and has repeatable results.

There are certainly a number of theories within the practice of acupuncture which are hard for westerners to swallow. That said, many of them are just as hard for practicing acupuncturists to swallow. Those that work clinically make it easier to make the theoretical leaps, but those that are not clinically effective are easily laid aside by as many acupuncturists as doctors and researchers.

Historically and in current times there are many different ways of administering acupuncture treatments and some diagnosis and application methods use very little of the more controversial theories relying instead on a complete understanding of the workings of the body from a western and eastern medicine standpoint and using acupuncture points to stimulate the body along these lines.

As with most things the reality is that the "answer" is somewhere in the middle - that is, not western and not eastern. The concepts of qi stagnation, heart fire, damp-heat, etc. are all useful mechanisms for diagnosis and treatment. As practitioners we must remember that these terms arose to explain phenomena that we now understand in much clearer ways. Accordingly we must begin to adapt these theories to align more closely with commonly accepted western medical ideas. This not only makes our treatments more effective but makes it easier for us to explain to people what we think we are accomplishing when we insert a needle.

Acupuncture is both a continually evolving science and an art-form. As it is both, it is flexible and adaptable hence it's ability to effectively treat many conditions. This flexibility, however, comes with it the responsibility to remain flexible ourselves not adhering too closely to old philosophies and not getting too caught up in modernizing our medicine. It is all too easy to make acupuncture see more controversial and antiquated than the results indicate. What matters for most people, as your point out in your article, is not the terminology, not the history, not understanding it, but that it works.

Thank you again for the article and for raising awareness about our medicine.


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